ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Kalimat aktif (active voice)adalah kalimat dimana
subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice)adalah
kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice
lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive
voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar,
artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice
digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih
penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
· Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
Contoh :
Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
· Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
1
Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
2
Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice.
Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi
object pronoun ‘us’.
3
Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada
passive voice.
4
Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah
tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan
pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
5
Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari
passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya
tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
6
Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect,
future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan
‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan
berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin di
atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
· Active : He meets them everyday.
· Passive : They are met by him everyday.
· Active : She waters this plant every two days.
· Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atauwere
Contoh:
· Active : He met them yesterday
· Passive : They were met by him yesterday
· Active : She watered this plant this morning
· Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
· Active : He has met them
· Passive : They have been met by him
· Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
· Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
· Active : He had met them before I came.
· Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
· Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
· Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
· Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
· Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
· Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
· Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
· Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
· Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
· Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
· Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
· Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
· Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
· Active : He would have met them.
· Passive : They would have been met by him.
· Active : She would have watered this plant.
· Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He is meeting them now.
· Passive : They are being met by him now.
· Active : She is watering this plant now.
· Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He was meeting them.
· Passive : They were being met by him.
· Active : She was watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He has been meeting them.
· Passive : They have been being met by him.
· Active : She has been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He had been meeting them.
· Passive : They had been being met by him.
· Active : She had been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He will be meeting them.
· Passive : They will be being met by him.
· Active : She will be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He would be meeting them.
· Passive : They would be being met by him.
· Active : She would be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He will have been meeting them.
· Passive : They will have been being met by him.
· Active : She will have been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He would be meeting them.
· Passive : They would be being met by him.
· Active : She would be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
· Active : He meets them everyday.
· Passive : They are met by him everyday.
· Active : She waters this plant every two days.
· Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atauwere
Contoh:
· Active : He met them yesterday
· Passive : They were met by him yesterday
· Active : She watered this plant this morning
· Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
· Active : He has met them
· Passive : They have been met by him
· Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
· Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
· Active : He had met them before I came.
· Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
· Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
· Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
· Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
· Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
· Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
· Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
· Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
· Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
· Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
· Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
· Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
· Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
· Active : He would have met them.
· Passive : They would have been met by him.
· Active : She would have watered this plant.
· Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He is meeting them now.
· Passive : They are being met by him now.
· Active : She is watering this plant now.
· Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He was meeting them.
· Passive : They were being met by him.
· Active : She was watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He has been meeting them.
· Passive : They have been being met by him.
· Active : She has been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He had been meeting them.
· Passive : They had been being met by him.
· Active : She had been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He will be meeting them.
· Passive : They will be being met by him.
· Active : She will be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He would be meeting them.
· Passive : They would be being met by him.
· Active : She would be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He will have been meeting them.
· Passive : They will have been being met by him.
· Active : She will have been watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He would be meeting them.
· Passive : They would be being met by him.
· Active : She would be watering this plant.
· Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
· Aktif:. Dia bertemu mereka sehari-hari · Pasif:. Mereka
bertemu dengan dia sehari-hari · Aktif:. Dia perairan tanaman ini setiap dua
hari · Lulus: Tanaman ini disiram oleh dia setiap dua hari.
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